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Chapter 5: Navigation Rules

Stand-On Vessels and Give-Way Vessels

Now let's focus on the previously introduced terms and definitions by introducing stand-on Vessel and give-way vessels. Stand-on vessels and give-way vessels each have specific responsibilities based on the situation, and this allows boaters to navigate waters together with safety and certainty.

Stand-on vessel: The stand-on vessel is the vessel which currently has the right of way. In the event of two vessels approaching one another, the stand-on vessel has three obligations. The stand-on vessel must maintain its current speed and course, keep a lookout and stay alert, and look out for and return any communication from the give-way vessel. Despite having the right of way, the stand-on vessel still must be ready to act, if needed.

Give-way vessel: The give-way vessel must yield and get out of the way of the approaching vessel. When two vessels approach one another, it is the give-way vessel's obligation to take early and substantial action to avoid a collision.

We know the responsibilities of the stand-on vessel and the give-way vessel, but here's how to determine which vessel is which. Here are three examples which demonstrate the roles of each vessel:

Boat Stern

Stern:

In this case, A is the give-way vessel.

If a vessel approaches from this direction, maintain course and speed and be cautious.

Boat Starboard

Starboard:

In this case, A is the stand-on vessel.

If a vessel approaches one from their starboard (right) side, keep out of its way (If one or both vessels are sailboats then this rule may not apply).

Boat Port

Port:

In this case, A is the give-way vessel.

If a power-driven vessel approaches from this side, maintain course and speed and be cautious.

As a rule of thumb, if one is approached from the stern or port side then one is the stand-on vessel. If one is approached from the starboard side, then one is the give-way vessel.

A power-driven vessel is deemed the give-way vessel when approaching a vessel which is not under command, has restricted maneuverability, or a vessel engaged in commercial fishing. If one is operating a power-driven vessel and approaches any of these situations, they need to take early and appropriate action to avoid a collision.

A sailing vessel is deemed the give-way vessel when approaching a vessel which is not under command, a vessel with restricted maneuverability, or a vessel engaged in commercial fishing. 

Any vessel engaged in commercial fishing must take action to avoid any vessel that is not under command or restricted in their maneuverability.

Finally, if one notices that a vessel is operating in water too shallow for its safe passage, one should take appropriate action to give it ample room to navigate.

Always take early and appropriate action to avoid a collision regardless of the situation. Be alert and communicate with fellow boaters.